Guinea Pig Care Sheet

Origin:

Guinea pigs are native to the Andes Mountains of South America. They were domesticated by the Inca civilization over 3,000 years ago and are now bred worldwide as beloved pets.

Description:

Guinea pigs are small, gentle rodents with short legs and a sturdy body. Adults weigh between 1.5 to 2.5 pounds and measure around 8–10 inches long. They come in a variety of coat types (smooth, long-haired, rosette) and colors (white, brown, black, and mixed). Average lifespan is 5 to 8 years with good care.

Temperament:

Guinea pigs are social, gentle animals that rarely bite. They thrive on companionship—either from humans or other guinea pigs. They communicate with chirps, squeaks, and purr-like sounds.

Feeding:

• Unlimited hay (Timothy or orchard grass) — essential for digestion and dental health.
• Fresh vegetables daily — leafy greens (romaine lettuce, parsley, cilantro, kale in moderation).
• Pellets — guinea pig–specific fortified pellets (avoid those with seeds or colored bits).
• Vitamin C supplement — guinea pigs cannot produce vitamin C; offer fresh foods like bell peppers and oranges, or add a vet-approved supplement.
• Fresh water — always available in a clean bottle or heavy bowl.

Avoid iceberg lettuce, onions, potatoes, and sugary treats.

Housing:

• Cage size: Minimum 7.5 sq. ft. for one guinea pig (10.5+ sq. ft. for two). Bigger is better!
• Flooring: Solid bottom (not wire) with absorbent bedding like paper-based or fleece liners.
• Temperature: Keep between 65–75°F; avoid drafts and direct sunlight.
• Enrichment: Include hide houses, tunnels, chew toys, and space for exercise.
• Cleaning: Spot clean daily, full cage clean 1–2 times weekly.

Companionship:

Guinea pigs are highly social and happiest with a same-sex companion (two females or two neutered males). Never house them with rabbits or other species.

Handling:

Handle gently by supporting the chest and hindquarters. Avoid sudden movements and loud noises. Regular, calm handling helps them become more comfortable and trusting.

Health:

Common health concerns include:

• Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)
• Dental overgrowth
• Respiratory infections
• Mites or lice

Signs of illness: Lethargy, loss of appetite, drooling, sneezing, crusty eyes, or weight loss. Seek a veterinarian experienced with small animals/exotics if any issues arise.

Grooming:

Short-haired breeds need minimal grooming. Long-haired varieties should be brushed regularly to prevent matting. Trim nails every 3–4 weeks.

Fun Facts:

• Guinea pigs “popcorn” (hop excitedly) when they’re happy.
• Each has a unique personality and favorite foods.
• They can recognize their owners’ voices and routines.

Compliments of:
S & S Exotic Animals, Inc.
1711 Connorvale Rd., Houston, TX 77039
(281) 590-0426
www.sandsexoticanimals.com